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Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program
The Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program was an effort by the United States Air Force to train American military personnel as payload specialists for United States Department of Defense missions on the Space Shuttle program.
==Background==
The United States Air Force (USAF) and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) participated in the development of the Space Shuttle from its official inception in 1969. To save money, the shuttle was intended to serve as the United States' national launch system for all civilian, military, and classified payloads.〔〔Day, Dwayne A. "(Big Black and the new bird: the NRO and the early Space Shuttle )" ''The Space Review'', 11 January 2010.〕〔Day, Dwayne A. "(The spooks and the turkey )" ''The Space Review'', 20 November 2006.〕 The DoD influenced key aspects of the shuttle's design such as the size of its cargo bay,〔〔Cassutt, Michael "(Secret Space Shuttles )" ''Air & Space'', 1 August 2009.〕 and Congress reportedly told DoD that it would not pay for satellites not designed to fit into the bay. The USAF in the 1970s hoped to buy up to three shuttles〔〔 and fly them with all-military crews. As with the earlier X-20 Dyna-Soar and Manned Orbiting Laboratory, budget concerns ended the "Blue Shuttle" program,〔 but the USAF gained the use of up to one third of all launches〔 and the right to requisition the next available launch for high-priority payloads.〔 It renovated an existing launch site at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California to send shuttles into polar orbits〔 and established the Manned Spaceflight Control Squadron. Its personnel monitored military shuttle flights from a secret floor of NASA's Mission Control Center in Houston, ahead of a future DoD mission control center in Colorado that would monitor an expected 12 to 14 flights each year.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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